Alix Popham played his club rugby for sides like Newport, Leeds Tykes and BrivePlayers showing signs of serious brain injury should be forced to retire, former Wales forward Alix Popham says.
Popham, who retired in 2011, was diagnosed with early onset dementia and probable chronic traumatic encephalopathy in 2019.
He says he regularly speaks to current players about their own conditions.
"I've had them in my kitchen, they've had [brain] scans and they aren't great," Popham, 42, told the Sports Desk Podcast.
Popham added: "I'm not a doctor but if it was me I would take it [the decision of continuing to play] from them and it shouldn't be their decision."
Lawyers representing more than 185 former rugby union players, including Popham, have begun legal proceedings against governing bodies the Rugby Football Union, the Welsh Rugby Union and World Rugby over brain damage suffered by their clients.
The group of players, represented by law firm Rylands Legal, are suing for negligence, claiming that playing the sport caused brain damage.
Popham and former England World Cup winner Steve Thompson were among six other former players who first started the process of a claim in December 2020.
When the legal action was launched, the sport's authorities stressed they "care deeply about all our players" and "never stand still when it comes to welfare".
They have also highlighted their safeguarding strategies designed "to prevent, identify and manage head injuries".
In the week the domestic professional rugby union season started, Popham also told BBC Sport about his ongoing conversations with ex-players.
"It's quite tough sometimes when I have phone calls from players I used to play with and against and they're in a really dark place," he added on the podcast.
"There have been a few where we've had to get professional help to their house on a Sunday evening.
"This is the real coalface that we're dealing with with some of these players. If I help one person, I know we have helped - but there's a lot more out there.
"And that's why we are doing this. We need to draw a line in the sand, realise the mistakes that were made and move forward, because otherwise the sport is going to die."
World Rugby defended its record on concussion and pointed to new protocols reacting to ongoing research, including this season's roll-out of smart mouthguards that can measure the frequency and nature of head contact and accelerations, in matches and training.
Players do not regularly have brain scans, but World Rugby's chief medical officer Dr Eanna Falvey said if a player had "decreasing neurological function" doctors would be "obliged to investigate".
He added: "If you have somebody who has defined evidence of decreasing neurological function they would not be continuing to play. Absolutely not."
The governing body's current protocols in place to try to limit head injuries include:
head injury assessments used during matches to see if a player is fit to continuerest weeks introduced for internationals to limit their game timeconcussed players have a minimum period of 12 days out of action after new rules were brought in this summerThe new protocols follow the latest rugby-specific research by World Rugby's independent concussion working group.
What else has World Rugby said?
Dr Falvey said: "Am I convinced that we are doing as much as we can right now? I absolutely am.
"With the data that we've got, we're acting on all the information that we have. Not only that, we're creating our own data. We're the only sport that has done this type of work with instrumented mouthguards.
"We have offered instrumented mouthguards to all the teams in the Premiership, all the teams in the [women's top tier] AP15. We'll be doing the same in the Currie Cup and the Farah Palmer Cup next year.
"We are leading the way in this area so I'm absolutely sure we are doing as much as we can. We will continue to improve, we will continue to work on this and as the information becomes available we will act on it because we don't stand still, I'm absolutely sure of that."
Falvey said he would not rule out changes to the laws of rugby in order to protect players at all levels.
Asked whether limiting the weight of players was an option, he said: "Certainly. We've seen that done quite successfully in the North Island in New Zealand because of some of the differences in children developing at a faster rate than others in their own age group.
"Realistically, everything should be on the table here - anything we can do in a manner that makes it safer to play the game and more attractive to play the game that allows people to get the benefit of being out there with the team."
